One of the key areas was Mesopotamia, which witnessed through the 4th millennium BC the emergence of the primary cities and the earliest type of writing. Ancient Mesopotamia covers present-day Iraq, and elements of Syria and Turkey. Its northern half forms a half of the so-called Fertile Crescent, where important Neolithic developments such as early farming and the establishment of permanent village settlements first appeared. Because the area is located within the Tigris–Euphrates river delta, quite a few civilizations lived right here, notably Sumer, Akkad, Assyria and Babylonia. Mesopotamian architecture was characterised by the use of bricks, lintels, and cone …
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